Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries

Introduction. A significant amount of diverse and valuable information regarding the Mongols, who arrived in Armenia during their exploratory expeditions in 1220–1222 and governed the country from 1236 to 1353, has been preserved in Armenian manuscript sources. These sources contain detailed account...

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Glavni autori:	Kryuchkov, I. V., Крючков, И. В.
Format:	Статья
Jezik:	Russian
Izdano:	Kalmyk Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences 2025
Teme:	Armenian manuscripts Vardan Vardapet Ethnology Grigor Aknertsi Hetum the Historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi Machin” chronicle Mongols Smbat Sparapet Stepanos Orbelian “Chin
Online pristup:	https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/30353
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spelling	ir-123456789-303532025-04-02T09:16:51Z Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries Монголы в армянских рукописных источниках XIII–XIV вв. Kryuchkov, I. V. Крючков, И. В. Armenian manuscripts Vardan Vardapet Ethnology Grigor Aknertsi Hetum the Historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi Machin” chronicle Mongols Smbat Sparapet Stepanos Orbelian “Chin Introduction. A significant amount of diverse and valuable information regarding the Mongols, who arrived in Armenia during their exploratory expeditions in 1220–1222 and governed the country from 1236 to 1353, has been preserved in Armenian manuscript sources. These sources contain detailed accounts of the Mongols’ names, origin, homeland, appearance, food, character, customs, beliefs, weaponry, martial arts, language, and overall ethnology. This collection of insights illuminates the historical significance due to the fact that Mongols played a pivotal role in global history. The scientific importance of this material should not be underestimated, particularly for Mongolian studies and Mongolian ethnology. This significance arises from both the variety of accounts in the Armenian manuscript sources and the reliability of the majority of these reports. Many of these accounts are based either on direct observations by the authors or the information obtained from credible sources, including the Mongols themselves. It is no coincidence that this emphasis on accuracy is regularly highlighted within the manuscript sources. The purpose of this study is aimed at bringing together and, for the first time, introducing into scientific circulation the ethnological material on the Mongols provided in the rich and valuable Armenian manuscript sources (historical works, minor chronicles, manuscript colophons) of the High Middle Ages (13th-14th centuries). Materials and methods. Among the Armenian manuscript sources addressing the ethnological characteristics of the Mongols, the historiographical works of such notable historians as Kirakos Gandzaketsi, Vardan Vardapet, Grigor Aknertsi, Smbat Sparapet, Hetum the Historian, and Stepanos Orbelian are particularly prominent. Several chroniclers and authors of manuscript colophons have echoed or even expanded upon the mentioned above accounts. The work on the Mongols by Vanakan Vardapet, the teacher of Kirakos Gandzaketsi, by Vardan Vardapet and by Grigor Aknertsi, also undoubtedly contained valuable insights into this subject. Unfortunately, this work has not survived, although Vardan Vardapet almost certainly drew upon it in his own writings. In some cases, Vardan Vardapet also compiled material about the Mongols from the works by Kirakos Gandzaketsi. The information related to the ethnology and lifestyle of the Mongols, as recorded in the Armenian sources of the High Middle Ages, is presented here through a combination of historical compilation and analytical methods for the reconstruction of the history. Results. The aforementioned evidence forms the basis for introducing the material from Armenian manuscript sources on Mongol ethnology into scientific discourse that will facilitate a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the ethnological characteristics of the Mongols during the period in question. 2025-04-02T09:15:23Z 2025-04-02T09:15:23Z 2024 Статья Shahnazaryan A.I., Melkonyan A.A., Kryuchkov I.V., Khudanyan H.H. Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries // Mongolian Studies. - 2024. - 16 (4). - pp. 694 - 704. - DOI: 10.22162/2500-1523-2024-4-694-704 https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/30353 ru Mongolian Studies application/pdf Kalmyk Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences
institution	СКФУ
collection	Репозиторий
language	Russian
topic	Armenian manuscripts Vardan Vardapet Ethnology Grigor Aknertsi Hetum the Historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi Machin” chronicle Mongols Smbat Sparapet Stepanos Orbelian “Chin
spellingShingle	Armenian manuscripts Vardan Vardapet Ethnology Grigor Aknertsi Hetum the Historian Kirakos Gandzaketsi Machin” chronicle Mongols Smbat Sparapet Stepanos Orbelian “Chin Kryuchkov, I. V. Крючков, И. В. Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries
description	Introduction. A significant amount of diverse and valuable information regarding the Mongols, who arrived in Armenia during their exploratory expeditions in 1220–1222 and governed the country from 1236 to 1353, has been preserved in Armenian manuscript sources. These sources contain detailed accounts of the Mongols’ names, origin, homeland, appearance, food, character, customs, beliefs, weaponry, martial arts, language, and overall ethnology. This collection of insights illuminates the historical significance due to the fact that Mongols played a pivotal role in global history. The scientific importance of this material should not be underestimated, particularly for Mongolian studies and Mongolian ethnology. This significance arises from both the variety of accounts in the Armenian manuscript sources and the reliability of the majority of these reports. Many of these accounts are based either on direct observations by the authors or the information obtained from credible sources, including the Mongols themselves. It is no coincidence that this emphasis on accuracy is regularly highlighted within the manuscript sources. The purpose of this study is aimed at bringing together and, for the first time, introducing into scientific circulation the ethnological material on the Mongols provided in the rich and valuable Armenian manuscript sources (historical works, minor chronicles, manuscript colophons) of the High Middle Ages (13th-14th centuries). Materials and methods. Among the Armenian manuscript sources addressing the ethnological characteristics of the Mongols, the historiographical works of such notable historians as Kirakos Gandzaketsi, Vardan Vardapet, Grigor Aknertsi, Smbat Sparapet, Hetum the Historian, and Stepanos Orbelian are particularly prominent. Several chroniclers and authors of manuscript colophons have echoed or even expanded upon the mentioned above accounts. The work on the Mongols by Vanakan Vardapet, the teacher of Kirakos Gandzaketsi, by Vardan Vardapet and by Grigor Aknertsi, also undoubtedly contained valuable insights into this subject. Unfortunately, this work has not survived, although Vardan Vardapet almost certainly drew upon it in his own writings. In some cases, Vardan Vardapet also compiled material about the Mongols from the works by Kirakos Gandzaketsi. The information related to the ethnology and lifestyle of the Mongols, as recorded in the Armenian sources of the High Middle Ages, is presented here through a combination of historical compilation and analytical methods for the reconstruction of the history. Results. The aforementioned evidence forms the basis for introducing the material from Armenian manuscript sources on Mongol ethnology into scientific discourse that will facilitate a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the ethnological characteristics of the Mongols during the period in question.
format	Статья
author	Kryuchkov, I. V. Крючков, И. В.
author_facet	Kryuchkov, I. V. Крючков, И. В.
author_sort	Kryuchkov, I. V.
title	Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries
title_short	Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries
title_full	Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries
title_fullStr	Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries
title_full_unstemmed	Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries
title_sort	mongols in armenian manuscript sources of the 13th–14th centuries
publisher	Kalmyk Scientific Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences
publishDate	2025
url	https://dspace.ncfu.ru/handle/123456789/30353
work_keys_str_mv	AT kryuchkoviv mongolsinarmenianmanuscriptsourcesofthe13th14thcenturies AT krûčkoviv mongolsinarmenianmanuscriptsourcesofthe13th14thcenturies AT kryuchkoviv mongolyvarmânskihrukopisnyhistočnikahxiiixivvv AT krûčkoviv mongolyvarmânskihrukopisnyhistočnikahxiiixivvv
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Mongols in Armenian Manuscript Sources of the 13th–14th Centuries

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